Vert.x Service Discovery
This component provides an infrastructure to publish and discover various resources, such as service
proxies, HTTP endpoints, data sources… These resources are called services
. A service
is a discoverable
functionality. It can be qualified by its type, metadata, and location. So a service
can be a database, a
service proxy, a HTTP endpoint and any other resource you can imagine as soon as you can describe it, discover it
and interact with it. It does not have to be a vert.x entity, but can be anything. Each service is described by a
Record
.
The service discovery implements the interactions defined in service-oriented computing. And to some extent, also provides the dynamic service-oriented computing interactions. So, applications can react to arrival and departure of services.
A service provider can:
-
publish a service record
-
un-publish a published record
-
update the status of a published service (down, out of service…)
A service consumer can:
-
lookup services
-
bind to a selected service (it gets a
ServiceReference
) and use it -
release the service once the consumer is done with it
-
listen for arrival, departure and modification of services.
Consumer would 1) lookup a service record matching their need, 2) retrieve the
ServiceReference
that give access to the service, 3) get a service object to access
the service, 4) release the service object once done.
The process can be simplified using service type where you can directly retrieve the service object if you know from which type it is (JDBC client, Http client…).
As stated above, the central piece of information shared by the providers and consumers are
records
.
Providers and consumers must create their own ServiceDiscovery
instance. These
instances are collaborating in the background (distributed structure) to keep the set of services in sync.
The service discovery supports bridges to import and export services from / to other discovery technologies.
Using the service discovery
To use the Vert.x service discovery, add the following dependency to the dependencies section of your build descriptor:
-
Maven (in your
pom.xml
):
<dependency>
<groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
<artifactId>vertx-service-discovery</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8</version>
</dependency>
-
Gradle (in your
build.gradle
file):
compile 'io.vertx:vertx-service-discovery:4.3.8'
Overall concepts
The discovery mechanism is based on a few concepts explained in this section.
Service records
A service Record
is an object that describes a service published by a service
provider. It contains a name, some metadata, a location object (describing where is the service). This record is
the only object shared by the provider (having published it) and the consumer (retrieve it when doing a lookup).
The metadata and even the location format depend on the service type
(see below).
A record is published when the provider is ready to be used, and withdrawn when the service provider is stopping.
Service Provider and publisher
A service provider is an entity providing a service. The publisher is responsible for publishing a record describing the provider. It may be a single entity (a provider publishing itself) or a different entity.
Service Consumer
Service consumers search for services in the service discovery. Each lookup retrieves 0..n
Record
. From these records, a consumer can retrieve a
ServiceReference
, representing the binding between the consumer and the provider.
This reference allows the consumer to retrieve the service object (to use the service), and release the service.
It is important to release service references to cleanup the objects and update the service usages.
Service object
The service object is the object that gives access to a service. It can come in various forms, such as a proxy, a client, and may even be non-existent for some service types. The nature of the service object depends on the service type.
Notice that because of the polyglot nature of Vert.x, the service object can differ if you retrieve it from Java, Groovy or another language.
Service types
Services are just resources, and there are a lot of different kinds of services. They can be functional services, databases, REST APIs, and so on. The Vert.x service discovery has the concept of service types to handle this heterogeneity. Each type defines:
-
how the service is located (URI, event bus address, IP / DNS…) - location
-
the nature of the service object (service proxy, HTTP client, message consumer…) - client
Some service types are implemented and provided by the service discovery component, but you can add your own.
Service events
Every time a service provider is published or withdrawn, an event is fired on the event bus. This event contains the record that has been modified.
In addition, in order to track who is using who, every time a reference is retrieved with
getReference
or released with
release
, events are emitted on the event bus to track the
service usages.
More details on these events below.
Backend
The service discovery uses a Vert.x distributed data structure to store the records. So, all members of the cluster
have access to all the records. This is the default backend implementation. You can implement your own by
implementing the ServiceDiscoveryBackend
SPI. For instance, we provide an
implementation based on Redis.
Notice that the discovery does not require Vert.x clustering. In single-node mode, the structure is local. It can
be populated with ServiceImporter`s. Since 3.5.0, you can use a local
structure even in clustered mode by setting the system property `vertx-service-discovery-backend-local
to true
(or
the environment variable VERTX-SERVICE-DISCOVERY-BACKEND-LOCAL
to true
).
Creating a service discovery instance
Publishers and consumers must create their own ServiceDiscovery
instance to use the discovery infrastructure:
ServiceDiscovery discovery = ServiceDiscovery.create(vertx);
// Customize the configuration
discovery = ServiceDiscovery.create(vertx,
new ServiceDiscoveryOptions()
.setAnnounceAddress("service-announce")
.setName("my-name"));
// Do something...
discovery.close();
By default, the announce address (the event bus address on which service events are sent is: vertx.discovery
.announce
. You can also configure a name used for the service usage (see section about service usage).
When you don’t need the service discovery object anymore, don’t forget to close it. It closes the different discovery importers and exporters you have configured and releases the service references.
You should avoid sharing the service discovery instance, so service usage would represent the right "usages".
Publishing services
Once you have a service discovery instance, you can publish services. The process is the following:
-
create a record for a specific service provider
-
publish this record
-
keep the published record that is used to un-publish a service or modify it.
To create records, you can either use the Record
class, or use convenient methods
from the service types.
Record record = new Record()
.setType("eventbus-service-proxy")
.setLocation(new JsonObject().put("endpoint", "the-service-address"))
.setName("my-service")
.setMetadata(new JsonObject().put("some-label", "some-value"));
discovery.publish(record, ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
// publication succeeded
Record publishedRecord = ar.result();
} else {
// publication failed
}
});
// Record creation from a type
record = HttpEndpoint.createRecord("some-rest-api", "localhost", 8080, "/api");
discovery.publish(record, ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
// publication succeeded
Record publishedRecord = ar.result();
} else {
// publication failed
}
});
It is important to keep a reference on the returned records, as this record has been extended by a registration id
.
Withdrawing services
To withdraw (un-publish) a record, use:
discovery.unpublish(record.getRegistration(), ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
// Ok
} else {
// cannot un-publish the service, may have already been removed, or the record is not published
}
});
Looking for services
This section explains the low-level process to retrieve services, each service type provide convenient method to aggregates the different steps.
On the consumer side, the first thing to do is to lookup for records. You can search for a single record or all the matching ones. In the first case, the first matching record is returned.
Consumer can pass a filter to select the service. There are two ways to describe the filter:
-
A function taking a
Record
as parameter and returning a boolean (it’s a predicate) -
This filter is a JSON object. Each entry of the given filter is checked against the record. All entries must exactly match the record. The entry can use the special
*
value to denote a requirement on the key, but not on the value.
Let’s see an example of a JSON filter:
{ "name" = "a" } => matches records with name set to "a" { "color" = "*" } => matches records with "color" set { "color" = "red" } => only matches records with "color" set to "red" { "color" = "red", "name" = "a"} => only matches records with name set to "a", and color set to "red"
If the JSON filter is not set (null
or empty), it accepts all records. When using functions, to accept all
records, you must return true regardless the record.
Here are some examples:
discovery.getRecord(r -> true, ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
if (ar.result() != null) {
// we have a record
} else {
// the lookup succeeded, but no matching service
}
} else {
// lookup failed
}
});
discovery.getRecord((JsonObject) null, ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
if (ar.result() != null) {
// we have a record
} else {
// the lookup succeeded, but no matching service
}
} else {
// lookup failed
}
});
// Get a record by name
discovery.getRecord(r -> r.getName().equals("some-name"), ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
if (ar.result() != null) {
// we have a record
} else {
// the lookup succeeded, but no matching service
}
} else {
// lookup failed
}
});
discovery.getRecord(new JsonObject().put("name", "some-service"), ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
if (ar.result() != null) {
// we have a record
} else {
// the lookup succeeded, but no matching service
}
} else {
// lookup failed
}
});
// Get all records matching the filter
discovery.getRecords(r -> "some-value".equals(r.getMetadata().getString("some-label")), ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
List<Record> results = ar.result();
// If the list is not empty, we have matching record
// Else, the lookup succeeded, but no matching service
} else {
// lookup failed
}
});
discovery.getRecords(new JsonObject().put("some-label", "some-value"), ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
List<Record> results = ar.result();
// If the list is not empty, we have matching record
// Else, the lookup succeeded, but no matching service
} else {
// lookup failed
}
});
You can retrieve a single record or all matching records with
getRecords
.
By default, record lookup does include only records with a status
set to UP
. This can be overridden:
-
when using JSON filter, just set
status
to the value you want (or*
to accept all status) -
when using function, set the
includeOutOfService
parameter totrue
ingetRecords
.
Retrieving a service reference
Once you have chosen the Record
, you can retrieve a
ServiceReference
and then the service object:
ServiceReference reference1 = discovery.getReference(record1);
ServiceReference reference2 = discovery.getReference(record2);
// Then, gets the service object, the returned type depends on the service type:
// For http endpoint:
HttpClient client = reference1.getAs(HttpClient.class);
// For message source
MessageConsumer consumer = reference2.getAs(MessageConsumer.class);
// When done with the service
reference1.release();
reference2.release();
Don’t forget to release the reference once done.
The service reference represents a binding with the service provider.
When retrieving a service reference you can pass a JsonObject
used to configure the
service object. It can contain various data about the service object. Some service types do not need additional
configuration, some require configuration (as data sources):
ServiceReference reference = discovery.getReferenceWithConfiguration(record, conf);
// Then, gets the service object, the returned type depends on the service type:
// For http endpoint:
JDBCClient client = reference.getAs(JDBCClient.class);
// Do something with the client...
// When done with the service
reference.release();
Types of services
A said above, the service discovery has the service type concept to manage the heterogeneity of the different services.
These types are provided by default:
-
HttpEndpoint
- for REST API’s, the service object is aHttpClient
configured on the host and port (the location is the url). -
EventBusService
- for service proxies, the service object is a proxy. Its type is the proxies interface (the location is the address). -
MessageSource
- for message sources (publisher), the service object is aMessageConsumer
(the location is the address). -
JDBCDataSource
- for JDBC data sources, the service object is aJDBCClient
(the configuration of the client is computed from the location, metadata and consumer configuration). -
RedisDataSource
- for Redis data sources, the service object is aRedis
(the configuration of the client is computed from the location, metadata and consumer configuration). -
MongoDataSource
- for Mongo data sources, the service object is aMongoClient
(the configuration of the client is computed from the location, metadata and consumer configuration).
This section gives details about service types in general and describes how to use the default service types.
Services with no type
Some records may have no type (ServiceType.UNKNOWN
). It is not possible to
retrieve a reference for these records, but you can build the connection details from the location
and
metadata
of the Record
.
Using these services does not fire service usage events.
Implementing your own service type
You can create your own service type by implementing the ServiceType
SPI:
-
(optional) Create a public interface extending
ServiceType
. This interface is only used to provide helper methods to ease the usage of your type such ascreateRecord
methods,getX
whereX
is the type of service object you retrieve and so on. CheckHttpEndpoint
orMessageSource
for example -
Create a class implementing
ServiceType
or the interface you created in step 1. The type has aname
, and a method to create theServiceReference
for this type. The name must match thetype
field of theRecord
associated with your type. -
Create a class extending
io.vertx.ext.discovery.types.AbstractServiceReference
. You can parameterize the class with the type of service object your are going to return. You must implementAbstractServiceReference#retrieve()
that creates the service object. This method is only called once. If your service object needs cleanup, also overrideAbstractServiceReference#onClose()
. -
Create a
META-INF/services/io.vertx.servicediscovery.spi.ServiceType
file that is packaged in your jar. In this file, just indicate the fully qualified name of the class created at step 2. -
Creates a jar containing the service type interface (step 1), the implementation (step 2 and 3) and the service descriptor file (step 4). Put this jar in the classpath of your application. Here you go, your service type is now available.
HTTP endpoints
A HTTP endpoint represents a REST API or a service accessible using HTTP requests. The HTTP endpoint service
objects are HttpClient
configured with the host, port and ssl.
Publishing a HTTP endpoint
To publish a HTTP endpoint, you need a Record
. You can create the record using
HttpEndpoint.createRecord
.
The next snippet illustrates hot to create a Record
from
HttpEndpoint
:
Record record1 = HttpEndpoint.createRecord(
"some-http-service", // The service name
"localhost", // The host
8433, // the port
"/api" // the root of the service
);
discovery.publish(record1, ar -> {
// ...
});
Record record2 = HttpEndpoint.createRecord(
"some-other-name", // the service name
true, // whether or not the service requires HTTPs
"localhost", // The host
8433, // the port
"/api", // the root of the service
new JsonObject().put("some-metadata", "some value")
);
When you run your service in a container or on the cloud, it may not know its public IP and public port, so the publication must be done by another entity having this info. Generally it’s a bridge.
Consuming a HTTP endpoint
Once a HTTP endpoint is published, a consumer can retrieve it. The service object is a
HttpClient
with a port and host configured:
discovery.getRecord(new JsonObject().put("name", "some-http-service"), ar1 -> {
if (ar1.succeeded() && ar1.result() != null) {
// Retrieve the service reference
ServiceReference reference = discovery.getReference(ar1.result());
// Retrieve the service object
HttpClient client = reference.getAs(HttpClient.class);
// You need to path the complete path
client.request(HttpMethod.GET, "/api/persons").compose(request ->
request
.send()
.compose(HttpClientResponse::body))
.onComplete(ar2 -> {
// Dont' forget to release the service
reference.release();
});
}
});
You can also use the
HttpEndpoint.getClient
method to combine lookup and service retrieval in one call:
HttpEndpoint.getClient(discovery, new JsonObject().put("name", "some-http-service"), ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
HttpClient client = ar.result();
// You need to path the complete path
client.request(HttpMethod.GET, "/api/persons").compose(request ->
request
.send()
.compose(HttpClientResponse::body))
.onComplete(ar2 -> {
// Dont' forget to release the service
ServiceDiscovery.releaseServiceObject(discovery, client);
});
}
});
In this second version, the service object is released using
ServiceDiscovery.releaseServiceObject
,
so you don’t need to keep the service reference.
Since Vert.x 3.4.0, another client has been provided. This higher-level client, named WebClient
tends to be easier to use. You can retrieve a WebClient
instances using:
discovery.getRecord(new JsonObject().put("name", "some-http-service"), ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded() && ar.result() != null) {
// Retrieve the service reference
ServiceReference reference = discovery.getReference(ar.result());
// Retrieve the service object
WebClient client = reference.getAs(WebClient.class);
// You need to path the complete path
client.get("/api/persons").send(
response -> {
// ...
// Dont' forget to release the service
reference.release();
});
}
});
And, if you prefer the approach using the service type:
HttpEndpoint.getWebClient(discovery, new JsonObject().put("name", "some-http-service"), ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
WebClient client = ar.result();
// You need to path the complete path
client.get("/api/persons")
.send(response -> {
// ...
// Dont' forget to release the service
ServiceDiscovery.releaseServiceObject(discovery, client);
});
}
});
Event bus services
Event bus services are service proxies. They implement async-RPC services on top of the event bus. When retrieving
a service object from an event bus service, you get a service proxy of the right type. You can access helper
methods from EventBusService
.
Notice that service proxies (service implementations and service interfaces) are developed in Java.
Publishing an event bus service
To publish an event bus service, you need to create a Record
:
Record record = EventBusService.createRecord(
"some-eventbus-service", // The service name
"address", // the service address,
"examples.MyService", // the service interface as string
new JsonObject()
.put("some-metadata", "some value")
);
discovery.publish(record, ar -> {
// ...
});
You can also pass the service interface as class:
Record record = EventBusService.createRecord(
"some-eventbus-service", // The service name
"address", // the service address,
MyService.class // the service interface
);
discovery.publish(record, ar -> {
// ...
});
Consuming an event bus service
To consume an event bus service you can either retrieve the record and then get the reference, or use the
EventBusService
interface that combines the two operations in one call.
When using the reference, you would do something like:
discovery.getRecord(new JsonObject().put("name", "some-eventbus-service"), ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded() && ar.result() != null) {
// Retrieve the service reference
ServiceReference reference = discovery.getReference(ar.result());
// Retrieve the service object
MyService service = reference.getAs(MyService.class);
// Dont' forget to release the service
reference.release();
}
});
With the EventBusService
class, you can get the proxy as follows:
EventBusService.getProxy(discovery, MyService.class, ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
MyService service = ar.result();
// Dont' forget to release the service
ServiceDiscovery.releaseServiceObject(discovery, service);
}
});
Message source
A message source is a component sending messages on the event bus on a specific address. Message source clients are
MessageConsumer
.
The location or a message source service is the event bus address on which messages are sent.
Publishing a message source
As for the other service types, publishing a message source is a 2-step process:
-
create a record, using
MessageSource
-
publish the record
Record record = MessageSource.createRecord(
"some-message-source-service", // The service name
"some-address" // The event bus address
);
discovery.publish(record, ar -> {
// ...
});
record = MessageSource.createRecord(
"some-other-message-source-service", // The service name
"some-address", // The event bus address
"examples.MyData" // The payload type
);
In the second record, the type of payload is also indicated. This information is optional.
In java, you can use Class
parameters:
Record record1 = MessageSource.createRecord(
"some-message-source-service", // The service name
"some-address", // The event bus address
JsonObject.class // The message payload type
);
Record record2 = MessageSource.createRecord(
"some-other-message-source-service", // The service name
"some-address", // The event bus address
JsonObject.class, // The message payload type
new JsonObject().put("some-metadata", "some value")
);
Consuming a message source
On the consumer side, you can retrieve the record and the reference, or use the
MessageSource
class to retrieve the service is one call.
With the first approach, the code is the following:
discovery.getRecord(new JsonObject().put("name", "some-message-source-service"), ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded() && ar.result() != null) {
// Retrieve the service reference
ServiceReference reference = discovery.getReference(ar.result());
// Retrieve the service object
MessageConsumer<JsonObject> consumer = reference.getAs(MessageConsumer.class);
// Attach a message handler on it
consumer.handler(message -> {
// message handler
JsonObject payload = message.body();
});
}
});
When, using MessageSource
, it becomes:
MessageSource.<JsonObject>getConsumer(discovery, new JsonObject().put("name", "some-message-source-service"), ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
MessageConsumer<JsonObject> consumer = ar.result();
// Attach a message handler on it
consumer.handler(message -> {
// message handler
JsonObject payload = message.body();
});
// ...
}
});
JDBC Data source
Data sources represents databases or data stores. JDBC data sources are a specialization for databases accessible
using a JDBC driver. The client of a JDBC data source service is a JDBCClient
.
Publishing a JDBC service
As for the other service types, publishing a JDBC data source is a 2-step process:
-
create a record, using
JDBCDataSource
-
publish the record
Record record = JDBCDataSource.createRecord(
"some-data-source-service", // The service name
new JsonObject().put("url", "some jdbc url"), // The location
new JsonObject().put("some-metadata", "some-value") // Some metadata
);
discovery.publish(record, ar -> {
// ...
});
As JDBC data sources can represent a high variety of databases, and their access is often different, the record is
rather unstructured. The location
is a simple JSON object that should provide the fields to access the data
source (JDBC url, username…). The set of fields may depend on the database but also on the connection pool used
in front.
Consuming a JDBC service
As stated in the previous section, how to access a data source depends on the data source itself. To build the
JDBCClient
, you can merge configuration: the record location, the metadata and a json object provided by
the consumer:
discovery.getRecord(
new JsonObject().put("name", "some-data-source-service"),
ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded() && ar.result() != null) {
// Retrieve the service reference
ServiceReference reference = discovery.getReferenceWithConfiguration(
ar.result(), // The record
new JsonObject().put("username", "clement").put("password", "*****")); // Some additional metadata
// Retrieve the service object
JDBCClient client = reference.getAs(JDBCClient.class);
// ...
// when done
reference.release();
}
});
You can also use the JDBCClient
class to the lookup and retrieval in one call:
JDBCDataSource.<JsonObject>getJDBCClient(discovery,
new JsonObject().put("name", "some-data-source-service"),
new JsonObject().put("username", "clement").put("password", "*****"), // Some additional metadata
ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
JDBCClient client = ar.result();
// ...
// Dont' forget to release the service
ServiceDiscovery.releaseServiceObject(discovery, client);
}
});
Redis Data source
Redis data sources are a specialization for Redis persistence databases.
The client of a Redis data source service is a Redis
.
Publishing a Redis service
Publishing a Redis data source is a 2-step process:
-
create a record, using
RedisDataSource
-
publish the record
Record record = RedisDataSource.createRecord(
"some-redis-data-source-service", // The service name
new JsonObject().put("url", "localhost"), // The location
new JsonObject().put("some-metadata", "some-value") // Some metadata
);
discovery.publish(record, ar -> {
// ...
});
The location
is a simple JSON object that should provide the fields to access the Redis data
source (url, port…).
Consuming a Redis service
As stated in the previous section, how to access a data source depends on the data source itself. To build the
Redis
, you can merge configuration: the record location, the metadata and a json object provided by
the consumer:
discovery.getRecord(
new JsonObject().put("name", "some-redis-data-source-service"), ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded() && ar.result() != null) {
// Retrieve the service reference
ServiceReference reference = discovery.getReference(ar.result());
// Retrieve the service instance
Redis client = reference.getAs(Redis.class);
// ...
// when done
reference.release();
}
});
You can also use the RedisDataSource
class to the lookup and retrieval in one call:
RedisDataSource.getRedisClient(discovery,
new JsonObject().put("name", "some-redis-data-source-service"),
ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
Redis client = ar.result();
// ...
// Dont' forget to release the service
ServiceDiscovery.releaseServiceObject(discovery, client);
}
});
Mongo Data source
Mongo data sources are a specialization for MongoDB databases.
The client of a Mongo data source service is a MongoClient
.
Publishing a Mongo service
Publishing a Mongo data source is a 2-step process:
-
create a record, using
MongoDataSource
-
publish the record
Record record = MongoDataSource.createRecord(
"some-data-source-service", // The service name
new JsonObject().put("connection_string", "some mongo connection"), // The location
new JsonObject().put("some-metadata", "some-value") // Some metadata
);
discovery.publish(record, ar -> {
// ...
});
The location
is a simple JSON object that should provide the fields to access the Mongo data
source (url, port…).
Consuming a Mongo service
As stated in the previous section, how to access a data source depends on the data source itself. To build the
MongoClient
, you can merge configuration: the record location, the metadata and a json object
provided by the consumer:
discovery.getRecord(
new JsonObject().put("name", "some-data-source-service"),
ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded() && ar.result() != null) {
// Retrieve the service reference
ServiceReference reference = discovery.getReferenceWithConfiguration(
ar.result(), // The record
new JsonObject().put("username", "clement").put("password", "*****")); // Some additional metadata
// Retrieve the service object
MongoClient client = reference.get();
// ...
// when done
reference.release();
}
});
You can also use the MongoDataSource
class to the lookup and retrieval in one call:
MongoDataSource.<JsonObject>getMongoClient(discovery,
new JsonObject().put("name", "some-data-source-service"),
new JsonObject().put("username", "clement").put("password", "*****"), // Some additional metadata
ar -> {
if (ar.succeeded()) {
MongoClient client = ar.result();
// ...
// Dont' forget to release the service
ServiceDiscovery.releaseServiceObject(discovery, client);
}
});
Listening for service arrivals and departures
Every time a provider is published or removed, an event is published on the vertx.discovery.announce address.
This address is configurable from the ServiceDiscoveryOptions
.
The received record has a status
field indicating the new state of the record:
-
UP
: the service is available, you can start using it -
DOWN
: the service is not available anymore, you should not use it anymore -
OUT_OF_SERVICE
: the service is not running, you should not use it anymore, but it may come back later.
Listening for service usage
Every time a service reference is retrieved (bind
) or released (release
), an event is published on the vertx
.discovery.usage address. This address is configurable from the ServiceDiscoveryOptions
.
It lets you listen for service usage and map the service bindings.
The received message is a JsonObject
containing:
-
the record in the
record
field -
the type of event in the
type
field. It’s eitherbind
orrelease
-
the id of the service discovery (either its name or the node id) in the
id
field
This id
is configurable from the ServiceDiscoveryOptions
. By default it’s "localhost" on
single node configuration and the id of the node in clustered mode.
You can disable the service usage support by setting the usage address to null
with
setUsageAddress
.
Service discovery bridges
Bridges let you import and export services from / to other discovery mechanism such as Docker, Kubernetes, Consul… Each bridge decides how the services are imported and exported. It does not have to be bi-directional.
You can provide your own bridge by implementing the ServiceImporter
interface and
register it using
registerServiceImporter
.
The second parameter can provide an optional configuration for the bridge.
When the bridge is registered the start
method is called.
It lets you configure the bridge. When the bridge is configured, ready and has imported / exported the initial services, it must complete the given Future
.
If the bridge starts method is blocking, it must use an executeBlocking
construct, and complete the given future object.
When the service discovery is stopped, the bridge is stopped.
The close
method is called that provides the opportunity to cleanup resources, removed imported / exported services…
This method must complete the given Future
to notify the caller of the completion.
Notice than in a cluster, only one member needs to register the bridge as the records are accessible by all members.
Additional bridges
In addition of the bridges supported by this library, Vert.x Service Discovery provides additional bridges you can use in your application.
Consul bridge
This discovery bridge imports services from Consul into the Vert.x service discovery. The bridge connects to a Consul agent (server) and periodically scan for services:
-
new services are imported
-
services in maintenance mode or that has been removed from consul are removed
This bridge uses the HTTP API for Consul. It does not export to Consul and does not support service modification.
The service type is deduced from tags
. If a tag
matches a known service type, this service type will be used.
If not, the service is imported as unknown
. Only http-endpoint
is supported for now.
Using the bridge
To use this Vert.x discovery bridge, add the following dependency to the dependencies section of your build descriptor:
-
Maven (in your
pom.xml
):
<dependency>
<groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
<artifactId>vertx-service-discovery-bridge-consul</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8</version>
</dependency>
-
Gradle (in your
build.gradle
file):
compile 'io.vertx:vertx-service-discovery-bridge-consul:4.3.8'
Then, when creating the service discovery registers this bridge as follows:
ServiceDiscovery.create(vertx)
.registerServiceImporter(new ConsulServiceImporter(),
new JsonObject()
.put("host", "localhost")
.put("port", 8500)
.put("scan-period", 2000));
You can configure the:
-
agent host using the
host
property, it defaults tolocalhost
-
agent port using the
port
property, it defaults to 8500 -
acl token using the
acl_token
property, it defaults to null -
scan period using the
scan-period
property. The time is set in ms, and is 2000 ms by default
Kubernetes bridge
This discovery bridge imports services from Kubernetes (or Openshift v3) into the Vert.x service discovery.
Kubernetes services are mapped to Record
. This bridge only
supports the importation of services from kubernetes in vert.x (and not the opposite).
Record
are created from Kubernetes Service. The service type is deduced from the service-type
label or from the port exposed by the service.
Using the bridge
To use this Vert.x discovery bridge, add the following dependency to the dependencies section of your build descriptor:
-
Maven (in your
pom.xml
):
<dependency>
<groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
<artifactId>vertx-service-discovery-bridge-kubernetes</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8</version>
</dependency>
-
Gradle (in your
build.gradle
file):
compile 'io.vertx:vertx-service-discovery-bridge-kubernetes:4.3.8'
Then, when creating the service discovery, register this bridge as follows:
JsonObject defaultConf = new JsonObject();
serviceDiscovery.registerServiceImporter(new KubernetesServiceImporter(), defaultConf);
Configuring the bridge
The bridge is configured using:
-
the oauth token (using the content of
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
by default) -
the namespace in which the service are searched (defaults to
default
).
Be aware that the application must have access to Kubernetes and must be able to read the chosen namespace.
The Service to Record mapping
The record is created as follows:
-
the service type is deduced from the
service.type
label. If this label is not set the service type is set tounknown
-
the record’s name is the service’s name
-
the labels of the service are mapped to metadata
-
in addition are added:
kubernetes.uuid
,kubernetes.namespace
,kubernetes.name
-
the location is deduced from the*first** port of the service
For HTTP endpoints, the ssl
(https
) attribute is set to true
if the service has the ssl
label set to true
.
Dynamics
The bridge imports all services on start
and removes them on stop
. In between it watches the Kubernetes services and add the new ones and removes the deleted ones.
Supported types
The bridge uses the service-type
label to induce the type. In addition it checks the port of the service. Are supported:
-
ports 80, 443 and from 8080 to 9000: HTTP endpoint
-
ports 5432 and 5433: JDBC data source (PostGreSQL)
-
ports 3306 and 13306: JDBC data source (MySQL)
-
port 6379: Redis data source
-
ports 27017, 27018 and 27019: MongoDB data source
If present, the service-type
overrides the port-based deduction.
Zookeeper bridge
This discovery bridge imports services from Apache Zookeeper into the Vert.x service discovery. The bridge uses the Curator extension for service discovery.
Service description are read as JSON Object (merged in the Vert.x service record metadata). The service type is
deduced from this description by reading the service-type
.
Using the bridge
To use this Vert.x discovery bridge, add the following dependency to the dependencies section of your build descriptor:
-
Maven (in your
pom.xml
):
<dependency>
<groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
<artifactId>vertx-service-discovery-bridge-zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8</version>
</dependency>
-
Gradle (in your
build.gradle
file):
compile 'io.vertx:vertx-service-discovery-bridge-zookeeper:4.3.8'
Then, when creating the service discovery registers this bridge as follows:
ServiceDiscovery.create(vertx)
.registerServiceImporter(new ZookeeperServiceImporter(),
new JsonObject()
.put("connection", "127.0.0.1:2181"));
Only the connection
configuration is mandatory. It’s the connection string of the Zookeeper server.
In addition you can configure:
-
maxRetries
: the number of connection attempt, 3 by default -
baseSleepTimeBetweenRetries
: the amount of milliseconds to wait between retries (exponential backoff strategy). 1000 ms by default. -
basePath
: the Zookeeper path in which the service are stored. Default to/discovery
. -
connectionTimeoutMs
: the connection timeout in milliseconds. Defaults to 1000. -
canBeReadOnly
: whether or not the backend support the read-only mode (defaults to true)
ServiceDiscovery.create(vertx)
.registerServiceImporter(new ZookeeperServiceImporter(),
new JsonObject()
.put("connection", "127.0.0.1:2181")
.put("maxRetries", 5)
.put("baseSleepTimeBetweenRetries", 2000)
.put("basePath", "/services")
);
Docker Links bridge
This discovery bridge imports services from Docker Links into the Vert.x service discovery. When you link a Docker
container to another Docker container, Docker injects a set of environment variables. This bridge analyzes these
environment variables and imports service record for each link. The service type is deduced from the service.type
label. If not set, the service is imported as unknown
. Only http-endpoint
are supported for now.
As the links are created when the container starts, the imported records are created when the bridge starts and do not change afterwards.
Using the bridge
To use this Vert.x discovery bridge, add the following dependency to the dependencies section of your build descriptor:
-
Maven (in your
pom.xml
):
<dependency>
<groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
<artifactId>vertx-service-discovery-bridge-docker</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8</version>
</dependency>
-
Gradle (in your
build.gradle
file):
compile 'io.vertx:vertx-service-discovery-bridge-docker:4.3.8'
Then, when creating the service discovery, registers this bridge as follows:
ServiceDiscovery.create(vertx)
.registerServiceImporter(new DockerLinksServiceImporter(), new JsonObject());
The bridge does not need any further configuration.
Additional backends
In addition of the backend supported by this library, Vert.x Service Discovery provides additional backends you can use in your application.
Redis backend
The service discovery has a plug-able backend using the ServiceDiscoveryBackend
SPI. This is an implementation of the SPI based
on Redis.
Using the Redis backend
To use the Redis backend, add the following dependency to the dependencies section of your build descriptor:
-
Maven (in your
pom.xml
):
<dependency>
<groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
<artifactId>vertx-service-discovery-backend-redis</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8</version>
</dependency>
-
Gradle (in your
build.gradle
file):
compile 'io.vertx:vertx-service-discovery-backend-redis:4.3.8'
Be aware that you can have only a single implementation of the SPI in your classpath. If none, the default backend is used.
Configuration
The backend is based on the vertx-redis-client.
The configuration is the client configuration as well as key
indicating in which key on Redis
the records are stored.
Here is an example:
ServiceDiscovery.create(vertx, new ServiceDiscoveryOptions()
.setBackendConfiguration(
new JsonObject()
.put("connectionString", "redis://localhost:6379")
.put("key", "records")
));
It’s important to note that the backend configuration is passed in the setBackendConfiguration
method (or
backendConfiguration
entry if you use JSON):
ServiceDiscovery.create(vertx,
new ServiceDiscoveryOptions(new JsonObject()
.put("backendConfiguration",
new JsonObject().put("connectionString", "redis://localhost:6379").put("key", "my-records")
)));